Closed-End Funds

The three basic types of investment companies regulated under the Investment Company Act of 1940 are closed-end funds, mutual funds, and unit investment trusts. Closed-end funds must be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Such funds are regulated under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and are subject to the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Regulations have been issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission to govern the operation of closed-end funds.

Investment Manager Reports To Be Filed With the Securities and Exchange Commission

Institutional investment managers must report to the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 13F those securities registered under Section 13(f) of the Securities Act of 1933 over which the investment managers exercise discretion.

Investor Suitability Requirements for Broker Dealer Recommendations

Broker dealers may make investment recommendations to investors only if the broker dealer first determines that the recommended investment would be suitable for the investor. Suitability depends upon the investor's tolerance for risk, other investments, income, net worth, financial requirements, and investment objectives.

Consumer Law

(Proper Disposal of Consumer Information)

Directors' Duty of Care

The duty of care requires a director to make business decisions in the best interests of the corporation in good faith, with due diligence, and with the skill and judgment of an ordinary person under the circumstances. Claims for breach of the duty of care that involve a failure to act typically allege that directors did not adequately supervise corporate executives or key employees.